Smart Guidance

Communicable Diseases Communicable diseases are known as infectious diseases or transmissible diseases. These are the diseases that may take place due to numerous causes such as infection, presence, and growth of the pathogen or biological agents in an individual. Furthermore, communicable diseases spread from one person to another through a variety of ways such as breathing, coughing, contact with blood or bodily fluids, sexual intercourse and fecal/oral transmission. The prevention of communicable diseases is necessary to bring health and wellness in society, according to statistics, the prevalence rate of communicable disease is increasing all across the world (AMELI, 2015). Gonorrhea is one of the sexually transmitted infections that can affect both men and women because this infection may occur in the genitals, rectum, and throat. It is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Signs and Symptoms of Gonorrhea There are numerous symptoms of Gonorrhea, however, the ...

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a digestive disorder which refers to the upward movement of stomach content into esophagus, caused by the less functionality of lower esophageal sphincter. The food passes from the esophagus into the stomach and the lower esophageal sphincter prevents its backward flow. It occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter becomes weak and cannot prevent the upward flow of the stomach acid or food content. The backward flow of acid or stomach content causes irritation and sometimes inflammation of the esophageal lining which is termed as heartburn. The major risk factors for GERD are obesity, slow stomach emptying, pregnancy, and hiatal hernia. A hiatal hernia is a bulging-up of the stomach which is thought to have a contribution in casing the weakness of lower esophageal sphincter. Associated Signs and Symptoms GERD is a digestive complication in which irritation of esophageal wall occurs with acid reflux from the stomach due to weakening lowe...

Arthritis is one of the painful diseases for affected people, however, in order to be fully aware of this health problem. You must understand that arthritis is not a single disease, in fact, it includes more than 100 diseases that affect joints and several other connective tissues of the joint. Arthritis causes painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints. There are several kinds of arthritis including, Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Fibromyalgia, Gout and childhood arthritis and so on. In the United States, the most common type of arthritis is Osteoarthritis. However, any person may become a patient of arthritis because of several risk factors such as Genetics, lifestyle, obesity, and environment (Shi, Dai, & Xu, 2015). Epidemiology of Arthritis According to health statistics in the US, from 2013 to 2015 approximately 54.4 (22.7%) million adults suffered because of arthritis. The research shows that arthritis disease is more likely to increase after crossing 40...

According to the World Health Organization’s study, iron-deficiency anemia is one of the most common health problems all across the world, specifically; this health problem is prevalent in developing countries. There are more than 400 types of anemia present, among them, the most common types are sickle cell anemia, Aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, vitamin deficiency anemia, and iron deficiency anemia. As far as iron-deficiency anemia is concerned, this health issue is caused by a deficiency of iron that happens when the body lacks the ability to store iron needed for the production of normal red blood cells (RBC) (Desalegn, Mossie & Gedefaw, 2014). Due to the inefficiency of iron to support RBC production, the rest of the body gets deprived of the amount of oxygen required. When the body has sufficient iron as per requirement, the rest of the iron travels to the cells and stores in the form of ferritin complexes, mostly involving the cells of bone marrow and liver. Since iron i...

Smoking is one of the deadly habits among youth, and day by day, this habit is increasing in society, even this habit shaped into a lifestyle. According to statistics, approximately 6.4 million young people suffer premature mortality because of smoke-related diseases. Along with this, more than 350 teenagers try smoking, and ultimately, they become regular smoker due to its addiction. Smoking and its Negative Impact on your Health If I evaluate the tobacco addiction in the light of medical studies, a cigarette contains nicotine, and nicotine is a highly addictive drug, and it is most likely to affect your brain. Furthermore, there are numerous health issues are associated with smoking such as lung cancer, bronchitis, dull vision and eye-sight, anxiety and irritability, cardiovascular diseases and so on. Basically, tobacco contains carbon monoxide that you inhale through cigarette; it contributes to a lack of oxygen and even makes the heart work harder.  Avoid Smoki...

Heart failure is one of the common diseases and the leading cause of death in all across the United States. Heart failure (HF), sometimes referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF) is a chronic progressive condition occurs when the heart muscle does not pump enough blood to the body. The most common causes of CHF are hypertension, coronary artery disease, alcohol abuse, and obesity. HF is a life-threatening clinical condition that requires prompt medical attention. Apart from the pharmacologic therapies for CHF, there is a wide variety of nonpharmacologic treatment such as weight control, ventilatory support, ultrafiltration, diet and nutrition, drug counseling, physical activities, and other lifestyle modification therapies (Shah, Pellicori, Cuthbert & Clark, 2017). Proposed Health Services/Interventions for CHF Patients Heart failure has become a significant public health problem with an increased incidence and prevalence. The burden of HF effects the individuals, thei...

Osteoporosis is a condition that weakens bones; it develops slowly over several years. However, this weakness or diseases is mainly found in women who are being 50 years of age or more. There are numerous common symptoms of osteoporosis including, chronic pain, bone fracture, the stooped posture of the body and so on. The osteoporosis is developed through a reduction in skeletal mass caused by an imbalance between bone re-absorption and bone formation (Sozen, Ozisik & Calik Basaran, 2017) . Despite the fact that in several conditions of osteoporosis, proper medical treatment is necessary to obtain relief, however, here I want to discuss important lifestyle changes and diet selection to cure or prevent osteoporosis which are as follows. Importance of Calcium and Vitamin D for your Bone Health Calcium is one of the necessary minerals that your body requires on the daily basis for numerous functions of the body, and it plays a main role in strengthening the bones. Furthermore, ...